Abstract Acute viral bronchiolitis is a common viral lower respiratory tract infection in young children. Most typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus in 70% of cases, the condition lasts for…

Abstract A wide variety of microorganisms are potential respiratory pathogens, and the spectrum of known pathogens for each respiratory infection syndrome has not changed markers over recent years. Detection of…

Abstract Influenza A and B viruses are orthomyxoviruses with three important envelope glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix proteins. Influenza viruses have developed ways to evade the body’s immune…

Abstract This chapter discusses the spectrum of congenital lung disease from the upper airway down to the lung parenchyma and microvasculature, and associated relevant malformations in the chest wall and…

Abstract Diagnostic medical imaging is central to almost all areas of modern medical practice and advances at an astonishing pace. Since the prior edition, there have been numerous significant advances…

Abstract Pediatric physical therapy (physiotherapy) is an essential component in the management of many cardio respiratory presentations in infants and children of all ages. The input will vary considerably depending…

Abstract The most common reasons for admission of newborn infants to the neonatal intensive care unit are respiratory disorders. Despite advances in neonatal intensive care, respiratory disorders remain an important…

Abstract Improved survival of very immature infants has contributed to an increase in the number of those who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic lung disease that occurs…

Abstract There are many and varied devices currently approved for the administration of inhaled treatments for use in different parts of the world. Well-developed national and local guidelines and training…