Principles of Mechanical Ventilation
Abstract Mechanical ventilation is central to critical care and came into routine practice after the polio outbreaks in the mid-20th century. A contemporary mechanical ventilator is a device made to…
RESPIRATORY
Childhood Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension in children is a disease with very high morbidity and mortality if left untreated. There has been increasing recognition of the need to appropriately classify and categorize…
Toxocariasis, Hydatid Disease of the Lung, Strongyloidiasis, and Pulmonary Paragonimiasis
Abstract Though less common in the developed world, parasitic infections, particularly those involving the lung, remain prevalent in resource poor countries. Current seroprevalence data place toxocariasis among the most common…
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of acute lung injury, characterized by acute pulmonary infiltrates, abnormal respiratory system compliance, and moderate to severe hypoxemia. The…
The Pulmonary Mycoses
Abstract Pulmonary fungal infections can be caused by endemic or opportunistic fungi. The endemic mycoses are known for their ability to cause disease in otherwise healthy children as well as…
Pertussis and Other BordetellaInfections of the Respiratory Tract
Abstract Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, caused by Bordetella pertussis and, less frequently, by B. parapertussis . It occurs worldwide, affects all…
Pneumonia in Children
Abstract Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major health problem, accounting for approximately 20% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years. Viruses are, by far, the most common cause…
Acute Infections That Produce Upper Airway Obstruction
Abstract This chapter discusses the common and potentially serious infective causes of acute upper airway obstruction in children. The laryngeal anatomy of young children makes them particularly susceptible to upper…
New and Emerging Infections of the Lung
Abstract In this era of rapid globalization and frequent travel, emerging viral infections have gained an immense potential to spread at an unprecedented speed and scale compared with the past….
Nontuberculosis Mycobacterial Disease
Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease has been increasing worldwide in the general population and also among specific vulnerable disease groups. In this chapter, the microbiology, epidemiology, routes of transmission, clinical manifestations,…
