The Lung in Sickle Cell Disease
Abstract Pulmonary problems in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death, and recurrent ACS episodes are…
RESPIRATORY
Pulmonary Disease Associated With Congenital Heart Disease
Abstract Congenital heart disease affects nearly 1% of births. Unrepaired cardiac disease, the postoperative state after congenital heart surgery, and long term of sequelae of certain congenital repairs can significantly…
Rare Childhood Lung Disorders
Abstract This chapter characterizes selected disorders with a primary respiratory component as well as respiratory manifestations of systemic diseases. Respiratory disorders of the lymphatic system may present at any age…
Genetics and Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis
Abstract Our understanding of the role of disease-causing variants in CFTR has culminated in two new variant-specific CFTR modulator therapies approved by the US FDA. These modulators target defects in…
Diagnosis and Presentation of Cystic Fibrosis
Abstract Most children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in current times are likely to be picked up through newborn screening programs and confirmed by the finding of two CF-causing mutations and…
The Immunopathogenesis of Asthma
Abstract Asthma occurs as a result of the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences on the developing lungs and immune system. Asthma in children is predominantly associated with the…
Lung Injury Caused by Pharmacologic Agents
Abstract Numerous drugs can cause pulmonary reactions in children. Chemotherapeutic agents are most frequently implicated, although toxic effects of other medications have been recognized. Reactions to chemotherapeutic agents may be…
Wheezing in Older Children: Asthma
Abstract Asthma is the most common cause of wheezing in school age children and adolescents. An inflammatory condition characterized by variable, reversible airway obstruction and hyperreactivity, asthma is a complex,…
Tuberculosis
Abstract Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide; it is characterized by unique clinical stages. Adults with contagious forms of tuberculosis transmit the organism…
The Epidemiology of Asthma
Abstract Epidemiology is the study of populations to discover modifiable factors that contribute to disease occurrence and natural history with a view to reducing disease burden through prevention. Asthma is…
