Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Fig. 14.1 Effect of bosentan on the primary endpoint of change in 6-min walk distance at week 16 from the BREATHE-1 trial. Based on a placebo-corrected improvement in walk distance…
RESPIRATORY
Approach to the Patient with Elevated Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
Group Subgroup 1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) 1.1. Idiopathic PAH 1.2. Heritable 1.2.1. BMPR2 1.2.2. ALK1, endoglin, SMAD9, CAV1, KCNK3 1.2.3. Unknown 1.3. Drug- and toxin-induced 1.4. Associated with 1.4.1….
Pulmonary Hypertension in Critically Ill Patients
Fig. 18.1 Right ventricular pressure–volume curve from normal subject (a) and from patient with increased right ventricular afterload (b). Adapted from Redington et al. [7] Coronary perfusion also differs between…
Investigative Therapies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015James R. Klinger and Robert P. Frantz (eds.)Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary HypertensionRespiratory Medicine1210.1007/978-1-4939-2636-7_17 17. Investigative Therapies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Karen A. Fagan1 (1) Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine,…
Adjunct Therapy and Calcium Channel Blockers
Abnormalities Subjects Reference Platelet aggregation related Increased urinary thromboxane metabolite (11 dehydroxy TxB2) IPAH [41] Decreased urinary PGI2 metabolite (PGI-M) IPAH [41] Decreased nitric oxide (exhaled or urinary excretion) IPAH,…
Epidemiology and Disease Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition Hemodynamic characteristics Pulmonary hypertension mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg Pre-capillary PH mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg PAOP ≤ 15 mmHg CO normal or reduced Post-capillary PH mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg PAOP > 15 mmHg Combined post-capillary and pre-capillary PH mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg…
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Fig. 3.1 Signaling pathways downstream of BMPR2 Interestingly, it is clear that not all persons with BMPR2 mutation develop PAH and within the same family there is variation in age…
Miscellaneous Respiratory Infections
Miscellaneous Respiratory Infections Introduction The diseases described in the previous chapters of this atlas are all prevalent throughout the world, although their incidence may vary somewhat between different regions. However,…
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis Introduction Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition with irreversible dilatation and destruction of bronchi commonly diagnosed by high resolution CT scan of the chest. Before the establishment of this technique…
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infective granulomatous disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one-third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and TB accounts…
