Fig. 9.1 Pathogenesis of IPF and the mechanism of action of antifibrotic agents 9.3 Pirfenidone 9.3.1 Mechanism of Action Animal studies have shown that pirfenidone suppresses accumulation of inflammatory cells…
1. IPF is defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause, occurring primarily in older adults, limited to the lungs, and associated with the…
Fig. 4.1 Schematic drawing of the proposed molecular pathogenesis of IPF. AEC, alveolar epithelial cell; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ECM, extracellular matrix 4.2 Epithelial Injury and Genetic Background Studies of the…
Fig. 2.1 Alveolar epithelial cells are thought to be the initial lesion of lung injury caused by environmental factors, such as smoking, inhalational agents, drugs, oxygen radicals, toxins, and viruses,…
and Daniel P. Credeur3 (1) Pediatric Center for Respiratory, Exercise and Sleep Medicine, Athletic Training Facility Football Operations, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA (2) Louisiana Healthcare Connections, 8585 Archive Blvd…
Procedure Effective dose (mSv) Chest PA 0.003 Chest PA/Lat 0.009 Upper GI series 0.04 Lung perfusion scan 2.6 Chest CT 3.6 Whole body PET/CT 15 Chest MRI 0.0 Chest US…
Fig. 7.1 Schematic representation of the total lung capacity and its various subdivisions (for explanation of the abbreviations, see text) The TLC, RV, and FRC are “static” lung volumes (also…
Fig. 1.1 Flexible and rigid instruments approach the larynx from very different perspectives. A rigid instrument necessarily elevates the hyoid and tongue base, lifting and distorting the larynx, while at…
Fig. 10.1 Height- and age-adjusted spirometry outcomes across the life-span among healthy males. Figure re-drawn from tables published in Stanojevic et al. [7] Interpretation of Reference Data Interpretation of reference…
Fig. 4.1 Ciliary electron microscopy showing a normal cross section and various ultrastructural defects causing PCD. ODA outer dynein arm, IDA inner dynein arm. Reprinted from Leigh MW, Pittman JE,…
