History of Present Illness A 62-year-old Caucasian woman experienced subacute onset of dyspnea. Chest radiography showed the presence of massive right pleural effusion ( Fig. 7.1 ). Therefore she was…
History of Present Illness A 35-year-old Caucasian woman went to the emergency room for right chest pain, tachycardia, and low-grade fever (37.5° C [99.5° F]). The symptoms had begun a…
History of Present Illness A 35-year-old Asian man was referred to the pulmonology department for shortness of breath and a dull pain in his right lateral chest. His symptoms, which…
History of Present IllnessA 60-year-old man presented to the general practitioner for breathlessness and dry cough. The symptoms had arisen a few months earlier and had gradually worsened. Chest radiography…
History of Present Illness An 82-year-old man presented to the outpatient pulmonary clinic because in the past 4 weeks he had worsening breathlessness and low-grade fever. He also had a…
History of Present Illness A 71-year-old woman had been suffering for about 1 month from weakness, daytime sleepiness, loss of appetite with weight loss of 2 kg, low-grade fever (37.8°…
Thoracentesis (SeeVideo 1-1 ) History of Present Illness A 60-year-old Caucasian man presented to the hospital with shortness of breath and right lateral chest pain. These symptoms had begun about…
History of Present Illness A 67-year-old Caucasian man went to his general practitioner because of mild exertional dyspnea. Physical examination revealed reduction in respiratory sounds in the lower right hemithorax….
Objectives 1. Understand the composition of gases from ambient air to the alveoli. 2. Describe the alveolar air equation and its use. 3. Define the alveolar carbon dioxide equation and…
Objectives 1. Explain diffusion limitation and perfusion limitation and their importance in gas exchange 2. Apply Fick’s law to the alveolar–capillary surface. 3. Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon…
