A small subset of patients with hypercholesterolemia have an inadequate lipid-lowering response to maximal diet and drug treatment and should be considered for additional therapy to come as close as…
Overview The pharmacologic management of hypertension has evolved significantly over the past few decades. In the past, thiazide diuretics and β-blockers were highly recommended as the only first-line therapies due…
For many arrhythmia syndromes, catheter ablation has replaced pharmacologic therapy. Multicenter studies over the past 3 decades have demonstrated disappointing efficacy, frequent nuisance, and even life-threatening side effects of antiarrhythmic…
Sudden Cardiac Death Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major health care problem despite the progressive decline in the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) over the past 50 years….
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, also known as statins, are competitive inhibitors of the rate-limiting step of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. This leads to a reduction in hepatocyte cholesterol…
As the population becomes more obese and the prevalence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome increases, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is increasingly losing its value as a predictor for cardiovascular (CV)…
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, and in many ways it is the most complex to manage. Understanding of this disorder has increased immensely in…
Electrophysiologic study with catheter ablation is now the primary mode of therapy for most forms of recurrent supraventricular tachycardia. However, pharmacologic therapy for acute episodes and for the long-term management…
Hypertrophic, restrictive, and infiltrative cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of heart muscle diseases that can culminate in the development of heart failure (HF) with associated risks of sudden death and…
Antiarrhythmic drugs were developed with the expectation that they would extend and improve life for many patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease and those with a history of life-threatening arrhythmias. The…
