Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction Shuktika Nandkeolyar Dmitry Abramov Helme Silvet Purvi Parwani INTRODUCTION Epidemiology The prevalence of patients with prosthetic heart valves (PHVs) is growing quickly. With the advent of transcatheter…
Infective Endocarditis Jeffrey A. Dixson Jeffrey Gaca Todd L. Kiefer INTRODUCTION Since its early descriptions by Osler in 1885, infective endocarditis (IE) has been recognized as a “vexing” problem, challenging…
Aortic Valve Disease Laurie Bossory Goike Antonios Pitsis Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas INTRODUCTION Aortic valvular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the incidence of aortic regurgitation…
Adult-Acquired Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve Disease Maureen E. Cheung Bryan A. Whitson INTRODUCTION Right-sided valve disease can occur from a number of primary and secondary causes. These processes are often…
ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Ranjan Dahal Debabrata Mukherjee INTRODUCTION Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is defined as an acute myocardial injury with detection of a rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin (cTn)…
Mitral Valve Disease Nicholas S. Amoroso Jessica Atkins Valerian Fernandes INTRODUCTION The mitral valve (MV) regulates blood flow between the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) of the heart….
Refractory Angina Anbukarasi Maran Katrina A. E. L. Bidwell Valerian Fernandes INTRODUCTION Angina pectoris is the symptom complex resulting from mismatch in myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Most commonly, this…
Rheumatic Heart Disease Gbemiga Sofowora INTRODUCTION Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease remain prevalent in the developing world although their incidence has declined substantially in Western countries, except in…
Acute Myocardial Infarction: Complications Retesh Bajaj Anantharaman Ramasamy Vincenzo Tufaro Arjun K. Ghosh INTRODUCTION The advent of coronary reperfusion therapy has substantially reduced the incidence of complications following acute myocardial…
Unstable Angina, Non-St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Acute Coronary Syndrome Talal T. Attar Rebecca Miller INTRODUCTION Epidemiology The 2020 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics update of the American Heart Association (AHA) has reported…
