Myocarditis
Myocarditis Melissa A. Lyle Lori A. Blauwet Leslie T. Cooper INTRODUCTION Myocarditis refers to inflammation of the myocardium and incorporates a broad spectrum of clinical and histopathologic presentations.1 Acute myocarditis…
CARDIOLOGY
Toxin-Induced Cardiomyopathies
Toxin-Induced Cardiomyopathies Omar Jawaid Suparna C. Clasen Abhishek Khemka Maya Guglin INTRODUCTION Various substances have been associated with cardiomyopathies. This includes legally available substances, illicit substances of abuse, and prescribed…
Restrictive Cardiomyopathies
Restrictive Cardiomyopathies Gurusher Panjrath Joseph M. Krepp INTRODUCTION Restrictive cardiomyopathies are a cluster of distinct myocardial diseases with a similar pathophysiology of myocardial muscle stiffening and impaired ventricular filling. The…
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Ali J. Marian INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder of cardiac myocytes that is diagnosed by the presence of cardiac hypertrophy, not explained by secondary causes;…
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Reema Hasan Taylor Alexander Lebeis Supriya Shore Monica Mechele Colvin INTRODUCTION Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can include dilatation and impaired contraction of one…
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction John M. Suffredini Savitri E. Fedson INTRODUCTION A variety of structural or functional cardiac abnormalities can result in the clinical condition of heart failure…
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Tyler Moran Anita Deswal Arunima Misra INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the number one cause of death worldwide.1 Although there have been major advances…
Heart Failure Pathophysiology
Heart Failure Pathophysiology Luise Holzhauser Paul J. Mather INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATIONS Regardless of the etiology, heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional…
Genetics of Cardiomyopathies
Genetics of Cardiomyopathies Gary S. Beasley Hugo Martinez Jeffrey A. Towbin INTRODUCTION Primary cardiomyopathies, which include dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), and left…
Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and Prognosis
Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and Prognosis Justin Ezekowitz INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem affecting up to 2% of the population and ˜10% of elderly individuals…
