Ultrasound Transducer and System
Ultrasound Transducer and System Christopher R. Tainter Cameron Smyres Michael Self Raghu Seethala 1. A 37-year-old woman who is 34 weeks pregnant presents with acute shortness of breath. In order…
CARDIOLOGY
Pulsed-Wave vs. Continuous-Wave Doppler
Pulsed-Wave vs. Continuous-Wave Doppler Chakradhar Venkata Jan Kasal 1. A 25-year-old woman is admitted in septic shock from a suspected urinary source. After a 30 mL/kg intravenous (IV) fluid bolus,…
Basic Ultrasound Wave Properties
Basic Ultrasound Wave Properties Michael J. Lanspa 1. Which of the following will increase the speed of sound transmitting through a medium? A. Increasing the frequency of the sound B….
Complex Lesions
Complex Lesions Jeannette Lin Prashanth Venkatesh Weiyi Tan INTRODUCTION Congenital heart defects and surgical palliations included in this chapter are considered “complex” congenital heart defects1 and include D-transposition of the…
Noncardiac Surgery in Those with Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Noncardiac Surgery in Those with Adult Congenital Heart Disease Dana Irrer Joseph D. Kay INTRODUCTION Advances in surgical and medical treatments for children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have led…
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease Nils Patrick Nickel Richard A. Lange Christine Bui Anitra W. Romfh CLASSIFICATION OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Pulmonary hypertension (PH)…
Right-Sided Lesions
Right-Sided Lesions Margaret M. Fuchs C. Charles Jain Heidi M. Connolly INTRODUCTION The normal right ventricle (RV) has three components: the inlet (including tricuspid valve, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles),…
Left-Sided Obstructive Lesions
Left-Sided Obstructive Lesions Lauren Andrade Yuli Y. Kim INTRODUCTION Left-sided obstructive lesions encompass a number of congenital heart defects affecting the mitral valve, left ventricular outflow tract, aortic valve, and…
Shunt Lesions
Shunt Lesions Zachary L. Steinberg Mathias Possner Yonatan Buber INTRODUCTION Shunt lesions comprise a wide variety of anatomic abnormalities resulting in abnormal blood flow between cardiac chambers and great vessels….
Pharmacologic Therapy for Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Pharmacologic Therapy for Adult Congenital Heart Disease Dan G. Halpern Rebecca Pinnelas Frank Cecchin INTRODUCTION As survival of congenital heart disease patients continues to improve, the role of pharmacologic therapy…
