Obstructive Shock Sarah Ellis McKenzie M. Hollon 1. A 72-year-old male with a history of renal cell cancer, s/p resection, and placement of bilateral nephrostomy tubes, is admitted to the…

Cardiogenic Shock Negmeldeen Mamoun Rasesh Desai J. Mauricio Del Rio 1. A 24-year-old male with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe…

Mechanical Circulatory Support and Cannulation Strategies Shu Y. Lu Adam A. Dalia 1. According to the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines, prior to the implantation of a left ventricular…

E-Fast Layne Alan Madden Maxwell A. Hockstein Deepa M. Patel 1. A patient presents after a rollover motor vehicle crash. On initial assessment, he has a Glasgow coma scale (GCS)…

Aortic Valvular Disease Ranjani Venkataramani Michael Nasr Boles Kot Mariya Geube 1. While evaluating an elderly patient with hypotension in the emergency room, a bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) reveals good…

Left Atrial and Right Atrial Size, Function, and Pathology Bryan Simmons 1. A 67-year-old gentleman presents to the hospital with chest pain and is ultimately diagnosed with a non-ST-elevation myocardial…

Hypoxemia Allison C. Ferreira Andrew T. Young 1. A 26-year-old woman is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following intubation for hypoxemia, which developed during a thyroidectomy. She has…

Myocardial Ischemia, Infarction, and Wall Motion Abnormalities Lev Deriy Brian Starr Carlos E. Vazquez Pamela Y.F. Hsu Eli L. Torgeson Neal S. Gerstein 1. A 79-year-old patient with a known…

Mechanical Circulatory Support William P. Mulvoy III 1. Which of the following echocardiography findings is not considered a contraindication prior to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement? A. Bioprosthetic aortic…

Intracardiac Shunts Matthew D. Read 1. You are performing an echocardiogram on a 31-year-old woman who had a syncopal episode while playing basketball. She reports several instances of having to…