The malformation known as superoinferior (SI) ventricles is characterized typically by a superior morphologically right ventricle (RV), an inferior morphologically left ventricle (LV), and a relatively horizontal ventricular septum (VS)….

In 1989, Dr. John Kirklin asked me how I thought ventricular septal defects (VSDs) should be described, named, and classified. Soto, Ceballos, and Kirklin were just about to publish their…

As classically conceived, truncus arteriosus communis (common aortopulmonary trunk) seems not to exist. The classical embryologic conception is that the truncoconal septum has failed to grow downward from the aortic…

Now that we have considered tricuspid valve anomalies (see Chapter 13 ), mitral valve anomalies (see Chapter 14 ), and common atrioventricular (AV) canal (see Chapter 11 ), we are…

What are anomalous muscle bundles of the right ventricle, also known as double-chambered right ventricle? As will be seen, these malformations really are anomalous infundibular muscle bundles. Statistics In the…

The anomaly now known as the tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was first described, insofar as is known, by Niels Stensen in 1671. He was also known in Latin as Nicolaus…

Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection/Drainage Definition Totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is an anomaly in which none of the pulmonary veins connect normally with the morphologically left atrium (LA)….

Acknowledgment I would like to thank Silvio Litovsky, M.D., for his great help in analyzing the data on which this chapter is based. Definition The anomaly known as common atrioventricular…

How common are interatrial communications —mostly the theostium secundum type of atrial septal defect and ostium primum type of atrial septal defect ( Figs. 9.1 and 9.2 )? Is atrial…

The anomaly now known as juxtaposition of the atrial appendages (JAA) was first described, to the best of our knowledge, by Thore in 1843 in an 11-day-old boy with left-sided…