Introduction Neurologic sequelae are among the most common and devastating complications of infective endocarditis (IE) with an incidence varying between 10% and 75% [ ] and mortality ranging between 20%…
Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial or fungal infection of the heart valves and lining that Jean François Fernel first mentioned nearly 500 years ago (1554). William Osler described…
Funding and Acknowledgments JMM received a personal 80:20 research grant from Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, during 2017–19. AD received postdoctoral grants for his stay…
Overview of indications and timing for surgery The indications and timing of surgery for infective endocarditis (IE) is complex and nuanced. General considerations in deciding whether to operate and when…
Introduction Right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) most commonly occurs in the setting of intravenous drug use (IVDU) and has taken on increasing surgical significance as the opioid crisis has driven increased…
Echocardiography is an essential imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis. It is often the first imaging study ordered when endocarditis is suspected, and serial echocardiographic exams…
Introduction Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including the permanent pacemaker (PPM), implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices, provide life-saving intervention for a variety of clinically indicated…
Introduction Opioid use disorder (OUD) with injection drug use has reached epidemic levels with endocarditis as a major potential medical complication increasing the risk of mortality. There has been an…
Introduction Despite modern advances in the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis (IE), inpatient mortality rate for patients with IE remains high at 15%–20% [ ]. In IE patients with…
Introduction Current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis (IE) require the association of…
