Hemodynamic Equations and Formulas
1. Cardiac Output and Shunt Determination (see Chapter 3 ). A. Fick’s Principle. “The total uptake or release of a substance by an organ is the product of the blood…
CARDIOLOGY
Introduction to Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Despite the exhortations of poets and philosophers, the heart is, after all, simply a pump. The ability to “look into any man’s heart” with the goal of understanding the function…
Fossa ovalis, patent foramen ovale, and cardiac masses
Key points • Fossa ovalis is a depression on the right atrial side of interatrial septum. It is an embryonic remnant of a once patent channel between the right and…
Benign masses: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation
Key points • Cardiac tumors in adults are rare and most of them are benign. • The benign cardiac tumors include cardiac myxoma, fibroma, rhabdomyoma, papillary fibroelastoma, hemangioma, lipoma, hamartoma,…
Pericardial masses
Key points • Pericardial tumors can be benign or malignant. Of the benign pericardial tumors, pericardial cysts are the most common. Other benign pericardial tumors include angiomas, lymphangiomas, fibromas, teratomas,…
Fetal echocardiography in cardiac tumors
Key points • Fetal cardiac tumors are extremely rare and most are benign. • They tend to appear between 20 and 30 weeks of pregnancy. • The most common types…
Echocardiography in benign cardiac tumors (diagnosis, approach, and follow-up)
Key points • The most common benign cardiac tumors are myxomas. Arising from a stalk attached to the fossa ovalis membrane, myxomas are generally found in the left atrium. •…
Introduction to interventional radiology in cardiac mass
Key points • Surgical removal is the mainstay of cardiac mass diagnosis and treatment. • When complete tumor removal of the tumor is not possible or patient intention or condition…
PET in malignant cardiac tumors: Diagnosis, approach, and follow up
Key points • In spite of the fact that cardiac tumors are a very rare entity, their diagnosis and clinical management are of paramount importance in the field of cardio-oncology….
Primary cardiac lymphoma
Introduction Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is an extranodal lymphoma which involves the heart and pericardium. It is a very rare tumor, representing 0.5% of all extranodal lymphomas and 1%–2% of…
