Obesity, Adipokines, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease Joseph J. Lamb, MD Introduction As noted by Hotamisligil,1 the interactions between immune and metabolic pathways are highly ordered, evolutionary conserved, and are important…
Thyroid and Adrenal Influences on the Cardiovascular System Erik Lundquist, MD, ABFM, AboIM, IFMCP Annalouise O’Connor, BS, PhD The endocrine system is a complex and sophisticated dance of hormones and…
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease Jill C. Carnahan, MD, ABIHM, ABoIM, IFMCP Purpose of This Chapter Defining what is “normal” in healthy microbiota communities is an…
Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Type 2: Physiology, Pathophysiology, Metabolic Considerations, and Clinical Presentation Filomena Trindade, MD, MPH, ABOIM, IFMCP, FAARM, ABFM Introduction Diabetes mellitus…
Sex Hormones in Women Pamela W. Smith, MD, MPH, MS This chapter will begin by examining the major sex hormone in a woman’s body, which is estrogen, produced mainly by…
Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Andrew O. Zurick III, MD, FACC, FASE, FSCMR Cardiovascular Computed Tomography For decades, investigators have sought to develop novel technologies that would allow rapid, noninvasive imaging of…
Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, and Drugs in the Management of Dyslipidemia Mark C. Houston, MD, MS, MSc, FACP, FAHA, FASH, FACN, FAARM, ABAARM, DABC Sergio Fazio, MD, PhD Brief Summary The…
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Andrew O. Zurick III, MD, FACC, FASE, FSCMR Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a robust noninvasive imaging technique. Through electromagnetic manipulation…
Carotid Ultrasound Alfred S. Callahan III, MD Carotid atherostenosis is a cause of acute ischemic stroke through flow failure from local occlusion or activated plaque resulting in arterial to arterial…
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Don Chomsky, MD Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPXT) was once primarily utilized as a research tool. It is now more widely available and has a substantial evidence base…
