2 The Transthoracic Echocardiogram Step-By-Step Approach Clinical Data Patient Positioning Instrumentation Principles Data Recording Examination Sequence Parasternal Window Long-Axis View Right Ventricular Inflow View Right Ventricular Outflow View Short-Axis View…
7 Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Function Basic Principles Step-By-Step Approach Measure Left Ventricular Inflow Velocities Record Left Atrial Inflow Record Tissue Doppler at the Mitral Annulus Measure the Isovolumic Relaxation…
16 Diseases of the Great Arteries Basic Principles Step-By-Step Approach Transthoracic Echocardiography Record Blood Pressure Aortic Sinuses and Ascending Aorta Descending Thoracic Aorta Proximal Abdominal Aorta Aortic Arch Decide If…
10 Pericardial Disease Step-By-Step Approach Pericardial Effusion Record Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Evaluate for the Presence of Pericardial Fluid Evaluate the Distribution of Pericardial Fluid Estimate the Size of…
14 Endocarditis Basic Principles Step-By-Step Approach Review the Clinical Data Choose Transthoracic and/or Transesophageal Echocardiography Examine Valve Anatomy to Detect Valvular Vegetations Evaluate Valve Dysfunction Due to Endocarditis Evaluate for…
18 Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography Step-By-Step Approach Preoperative Data Review Hemodynamic Changes and Surgical Instrumentation Baseline Data Acquisition Postprocedure Data Acquisition Interpret and Communicate Findings Intraoperative TEE Monitoring Left Ventricular…
6 Left and Right Ventricular Systolic Function Left Ventricular Systolic Function Measure Left Ventricular Size Left Ventricular Chamber Dimensions 2D and 3D Left Ventricular Chamber Volumes Left Ventricular Wall Thickness…
11 Valvular Stenosis Aortic Stenosis Step-by-Step Approach Determine the Etiology of Stenosis Evaluate Stenosis Severity Evaluate Aortic Regurgitation and Ascending Aorta Evaluate the Consequences of Chronic LV Pressure Overload Additional…
15 Cardiac Masses and Potential Cardiac Source of Embolus Basic Principles Step-By-Step Approach Left Atrial Thrombi Left Ventricular Thrombi Right Heart Thrombi Nonprimary Cardiac Tumors Primary Cardiac Tumors Vegetations Benign…
13 Prosthetic Valves Basic Principles Step-by-Step Approach Review Clinical and Operative Data Obtain Images of the Prosthetic Valve Record Prosthetic Valve Doppler Data Evaluate Geometry and Function Measure Pulmonary Pressures…
