(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA KeywordsEmbryo heartFlow perturbationMicrospheresVitelline vein ligationCardiac morphogenesisPeripheral circulation On account of relative ease of accessibility, the early embryo circulation is…
(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA KeywordsEmbryo heart rate perturbationsBlood’s motive energyHeart pacingSinus node cooling and heatingIntrinsic heart rateMatching of heart rate and output To…
(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA KeywordsPressure–volume loopsEnd-systolic pressure–volume relationshipExternal myocardial workInternal myocardial workPreloadAfterloadVentricular oxygen consumptionOptimal working volume The complex equilibrium existing between the pressure…
(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA We see, then, that there may be a circulation without a heart, or contractile propulsive power; and as to…
Fig. 5.1 A cartoon of the histology of the initial plaque of aortic stenosis is demonstrated. There is a remarkable similarity to the atherosclerotic plaque of coronary artery disease with…
Grade Definition Valve anatomy Valve hemodynamicsa Hemodynamic consequences Symptoms A At risk of MR • Mild mitral valve prolapse with normal coaptation • Mild valve thickening and leaflet restriction • No MR jet…
Mechanism of MR and type of dysfunction Cause of mitral regurgitation (e.g., of lesion) Ischemic Nonischemic Organic/primary Type I • Infectious/endocarditis (perforation) • Degenerative (annular calcification) • Congenital (cleft leaflet) Type II Ruptured…
Absolute and relative contraindications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement Absolute contraindications Absence of a “heart team” and no cardiac surgery on the site Appropriateness of TAVI as an alternative to…
Fig. 9.1 3 D TEE of a patient demonstrating impingement of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve (TV) by a defibrillator lead (arrow) as viewed from the atrial aspect…
Fig. 4.1 Illustration and aortogram of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta. From Milewicz [5], reprinted with permission from Springer Nature Aortic valve insufficiency often occurs as the aorta dilates….
