The Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes Danna Spears INTRODUCTION The Inherited arrhythmia syndromes are relatively uncommon, but their true prevalence is difficult to accurately quantify, as gene carriers may not manifest disease….
Treatment of Immune-Mediated Atrioventricular Block Helena M. Gardiner Bettina F. Cuneo INTRODUCTION Among mothers with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, fetal atrioventricular (AV) block is rare; the AV block phenotype and natural history…
Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardias Sally-Ann Barker Clur Arja Suzanne Vink Nico A. Blom Hitoshi Horigome INTRODUCTION After establishing a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT), a major decision is to determine…
Treatment of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias Stacy Ann Stratemann Killen Frank A. Fish INTRODUCTION The goal of fetal arrhythmia treatment is the vaginal delivery of a full-term, nonhydropic infant in sinus rhythm….
Channelopathies Hitoshi Horigome INTRODUCTION Cardiac channelopathies are a group of inheritable disorders that predispose fetuses with primarily structurally normal hearts to arrhythmias through the alteration of ion channel currents of…
Immune-Mediated Atrioventricular Block Helena M. Gardiner Bettina F. Cuneo INTRODUCTION Complete atrioventricular (AV) block was first described 119 years ago as “impaired atrioventricular syndrome.”1 The association of a slow heart…
Atrioventricular Block and Structural Cardiac Defects Fayeza Alrais Anita J. Moon-Grady INTRODUCTION Although the obstetrical definition of fetal bradycardia is a fetal heart rate (FHR) < 110 beats per minute…
Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias Stacy Ann Stratemann Killen Frank A. Fish INTRODUCTION The supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVT) include incessant and/or paroxysmal episodes of increased fetal heart rates ≥180 beats per minute (bpm). SVT…
Ventricular Tachycardias Sally-Ann Barker Clur Lisa K. Hornberger Arja Suzanne Vink Nico A. Blom INTRODUCTION Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rare condition responsible for only 1% to 8% of fetal…
