20 The Pericardium
Farhood Saremi 20 The Pericardium Introduction The lungs and the heart reside in separate compartments within the thoracic cavity. The lobes of the lung are located in two pleural cavities…
CARDIAC SURGERY
16 The Mitral Valve
Francesco F. Faletra, Horia Muresian, Damián Sánchez-Quintana, and Farhood Saremi 16 The Mitral Valve Introduction Over the last two decades, echocardiography (two- and three-dimensional [2D and 3D] transthoracic [TTE] and…
17 The Tricuspid Valve Apparatus
Farhood Saremi 17 The Tricuspid Valve Apparatus Introduction The tricuspid valve (TV) plays an important role in many pathological states and its abnormality may directly or indirectly influence the morbidity…
14 The Aortic Valve
Francesco F. Faletra and Farhood Saremi 14 The Aortic Valve Introduction The aortic valve is a complex structure, which consists of different highly specialized components that interact with each other,…
1 Thoracic Wall
Farhood Saremi and Damián Sánchez-Quintana 1 Thoracic Wall Introduction The thoracic (chest) wall is composed of the rib cage, inner and outer muscles, vessels, lymphatics, fascia, and skin. The rib…
15 Pulmonary Valve
Farhood Saremi 15 Pulmonary Valve Introduction Knowledge of pulmonary valve and root anatomy is useful in understanding the spectrum of complicated conotruncal anomalies that arise from abnormal formation of the…
8 Thoracic Aorta and Major Branches
Hiro Kiyosue, Miyuki Maruno, and Norio Hongo 8 Thoracic Aorta and Major Branches Anatomy The aorta is the largest artery originating at the upper part of the left ventricle. It…
10 Diaphragm
Ashley Prosper and Farhood Saremi 10 Diaphragm Introduction The diaphragm is a musculotendinous dome-shaped sheet between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. More than just a geographical boundary between the thoracic…
3 Mediastinum and Thymus
Cameron Hassani and Farhood Saremi 3 Mediastinum and Thymus Introduction The mediastinum (Latin, media = middle and stare = to stand; i.e., that which stands in the middle) is a…
7 Pulmonary and Systemic Veins
Farhood Saremi 7 Pulmonary and Systemic Veins Introduction Intrathoracic veins can be categorized into the systemic and pulmonary veins (PVs). The systemic veins return deoxygenated blood into the right atrium…
