Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction The right ventricular outflow tract includes the right ventricular outlet chamber (or the infundibulum); the pulmonary valve; the main, right, and left pulmonary arteries; and…
Coronary Artery Anomalies Anomalies of the coronary arteries are rare and include left coronary artery origin from the pulmonary artery, coronary artery fistula, and aberrant origin of the left or…
Truncus Arteriosus Persistent truncus arteriosus is characterized by the emergence of a single common arterial trunk from the heart overriding the interventricular septum. The main pulmonary artery or the right…
Ebstein Anomaly Ebstein anomaly is a rare disease. The pathologic anatomy consists of displacement of part or all of the tricuspid valve orifice into the right ventricle. Attachments of all…
Ventricular Septal Defect A ventricular septal defect can occur as an isolated lesion or in combination with other anomalies. SURGICAL ANATOMY The embryologic development of ventricular septal defects is interesting…
Atrioventricular Septal Defect This anatomic complex has been referred to as an atrioventricular canal. The septal defect includes the inferior segment of the atrial septum and the superior segment or…
Atrial Septal Defect Defects in the atrial septum are relatively common. They appear at various sites in the septum and can be associated with other congenital abnormalities. In addition, there…
Systemic Pulmonary Shunting Because most congenital heart defects are managed by total correction, shunting procedures are now performed in select patient populations. Systemic to pulmonary artery shunts offer excellent palliation…
Aortopulmonary Window An aortopulmonary window is a relatively rare anomaly that can occur either as an isolated defect or in association with other congenital lesions, such as ventricular septal defect,…
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection In a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, there is no direct continuity between the pulmonary veins and left atrium. For the neonate to survive, there…
