Surgical Management of Emphysema
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology It is estimated that two to three million patients suffer from emphysema. Pathophysiology Except for rare cases caused by enzyme deficiency, smoking is the…
CARDIAC SURGERY
Pulmonary Metastasis
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Metastatic disease to the lung is the second-most common pulmonary malignancy, affecting 20 to 54 percent of patients with cancer. A subset of patients with…
Congenital Pulmonary Disorders
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Congenital pulmonary anomalies include a multitude of clinical entities linked by a common developmental lineage. The prevalence is dependent upon the particular malformation. These…
Preoperative Evaluation of the Thoracic Surgical Patient
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Role of preoperative evaluation The role of the preoperative evaluation is to (1) determine the risk and morbidity associated with the proposed operation and (2)…
Transposition of the Great Vessels
Transposition of the Great Vessels Transposition of the great arteries is a congenital malformation in which the heart has atrioventricular concordance and ventriculoarterial discordance. Therefore, the clinical findings are an…
Surgery for Coronary Disease
Surgery for Coronary Disease Surgery for revascularization of the myocardium continues to be an effective and lasting means of managing patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. However, the evolution of…
The Fontan Principle
The Fontan Principle The Fontan principle is applied to patients with single-ventricle congenital heart disease. The ultimate goal is to achieve a circulation in which the systemic venous return is…
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction CONGENITAL AORTIC STENOSIS Pathologic findings in congenital aortic stenosis can vary. The valve may be bicuspid, tricuspid, or unicuspid, and the commissures may be fused…
The Norwood Principle
The Norwood Principle Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is the most common form of congenital heart disease in which there is only one fully developed ventricle and is the fourth most…
Interrupted and Hypoplastic Aortic Arch
Interrupted and Hypoplastic Aortic Arch INTERRUPTED AORTIC ARCH Interruption of the aortic arch is a rare condition that requires a patent ductus arteriosus for survival. A ventricular septal defect is…
