CARDIAC SURGERY

Masses of the Anterior Mediastinum

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Masses of the Anterior Mediastinum

MASSES OF THE THYMUS DEFINITIONS ▪ Lymphoid follicular thymic hyperplasia (autoimmune thymitis): Replacement of the thymic cortex with multiple lymphoid follicles and germinal centers. The tissue retains its shape but…

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Pleural Effusions and Complications

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Pleural Effusions and Complications

DEFINITION The accumulation of pleural fluid due to an imbalance in hydrostatic and oncotic pressure or increased permeability. ETIOLOGY ▪ The pleural space exists between the parietal and visceral pleura….

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Surgical Techniques and Options

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Surgical Techniques and Options

TERMINOLOGY ▪ Donor ▪ Lung preservation ▪ Single lung transplantation ▪ Sequential bilateral lung transplantation ▪ Living donor (lobar) transplantation ▪ Heart-lung transplantation DONOR ▪ Twenty percent of otherwise suitable…

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Masses of the Middle Mediastinum

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Masses of the Middle Mediastinum

TERMINOLOGY ▪ Amyloidosis ▪ Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy ▪ Angiomatous lymphoid hamartomas ▪ Azygos vein varix ▪ Benign mediastinal lymphadenopathy ▪ Bronchogenic cyst ▪ Castleman’s disease ▪ Chylous cysts ▪ Clear water…

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Pneumothorax and Bronchopleural Fistula

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Pneumothorax and Bronchopleural Fistula

PNEUMOTHORAX DEFINITIONS ▪ A pneumothorax is a condition in which air has entered and becomes entrapped within the pleural space. ▪ A spontaneous pneumothorax is either primary or secondary and…

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Diaphragm Disorders: Paralysis, Hernia, Eventration

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Diaphragm Disorders: Paralysis, Hernia, Eventration

DIAPHRAGM PARALYSIS Functional Anatomy of the Diaphragm and Other Respiratory Muscles ▪ Primary inspiratory muscles are those respiratory muscles that are phasically recruited with each ventilatory effort, under resting conditions….

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Pleural Masses

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Pleural Masses

TYPES OF PLEURAL MASSES ▪ Mesothelioma ▪ Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura ▪ Other Rarer Pleural Masses ( Table 48-1 ) TABLE 48-1 ▪ Classification of Pleural Masses Benign…

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Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Carcinoma of the Esophagus

TERMINOLOGY ▪ Carcinoma of the esophagus ▪ Esophageal cancer ▪ Esophageal malignancy INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION Carcinoma of the esophagus is a growing problem in the United States, where an estimated…

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Benign Esophageal Disease

Jun 24, 2019 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Benign Esophageal Disease

ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE There are two benign disease processes that may result in esophageal strictures: ▪ Extrinsic disease ▪ Intrinsic disease The etiology of these strictures may be elucidated based on…

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