18 Fungal and Tubercular Infections of the Thoracic Spine Kevin T. Huang, Dustin J. Donnelly, Kyle Wu, Ziev B. Moses, and John H. Chi Abstract Fungal and tubercular infections of…

21 Intradural Extramedullary Tumors Ibrahim Hussain and Ali A. Baaj Abstract Intradural extramedullary tumors of the thoracic spine are predominantly meningiomas, schwannomas, and neurofibromas. Other lesions, like lymphoma or metastases,…

7 Neuromuscular Scoliosis Blake M. Bodendorfer and Suken A. Shah Abstract Neuromuscular scoliosis is common in children with neuropathic and myopathic disorders, the most common of which is cerebral palsy….

14 Midline Disc Herniations of the Thoracic Spine Shashank V. Gandhi, Jacob Januszewski, and Juan S. Uribe Abstract Symptomatic midline thoracic disc herniations (TDHs) are uncommon. Typically, TDHs are degenerative…

10 Proximal Junctional Deformity Michael E. Steinhaus, Francis Lovecchio, Sravisht Iyer, and Han Jo Kim Abstract Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common complication following spinal fusion with an estimated…

26 Posterior Approaches for Thoracic Spine Fractures Michael J. Nanaszko and U. Kumar Kakarla Abstract The thoracic region is one of the most common anatomic sites for vertebral fractures, including…

16 Epidural and Soft-Tissue Infections Mohammed Ali Alvi, Panagiotis Kerezoudis, Sandy Goncalves, Patrick R. Maloney, Brett A. Freedman, Ahmad Nassr, Elie F. Berbari, and Mohamad Bydon Abstract Infections of the…

20 Metastatic Disease of the Thoracic Spinal Column Ori Barzilai, Mark H. Bilsky, and Ilya Laufer Abstract Therapy for metastatic tumor treatment serves a palliative function and must be directed…

9 Scheuermann’s Kyphosis Francis Lovecchio, Michael E. Steinhaus, and Han Jo Kim Abstract Scheuermann’s kyphosis was first described in 1921 in Europe and remains a relatively common condition encountered by…