Cardiac Development
Fig. 3.1 The four major contributors to heart development illustrated in the chick model system: first heart field, second heart field, cardiac neural crest, and the proepicardial organ. (A) Day…
CARDIAC SURGERY
Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery
, Zivile Valuckiene and Petros Nihoyannopoulos (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction Echocardiography is a widely used non-invasive imaging modality which provides…
Mitral Valve Surgery
and K. M. John Chan (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction In Western developed countries, mitral valve surgery usually involves degenerative or Barlow’s…
Basic Setup in Cardiac Surgery
and K. M. John Chan (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction Conventional cardiac surgery is usually carried out through a median sternotomy. This…
Tricuspid Valve Surgery
and K. M. John Chan (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction Surgery on the tricuspid valve generally involves functional tricuspid regurgitation secondary to…
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
and K. M. John Chan (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction When performing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), several decisions need to be…
Cardiac Tumours
and K. M. John Chan (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction Atrial myxomas are the most common cardiac tumours in adults. They are…
Ascending Aorta and Aortic Root Surgery
, Kok Meng John Chan and John R. Pepper (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction Surgery on the ascending aorta and aortic root is indicated…
Aortic Valve Surgery
and K. M. John Chan (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Introduction The most common indication for aortic valve replacement in the Western world…
Pathology of the Heart Valves
Fig. 7.1 Cross-sectional view at the level of the semilunar valves. In the aortic valve, the right coronary artery ostium can be observed in the right sinus and the beginning…
