Cardiac Computed Tomography
Cardiac Computed Tomography Ron Blankstein Vasvi Singh INTRODUCTION Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) has evolved considerably over the past 15 years and now serves an essential role in the practice of…
Echocardiography
Echocardiography Edwin Ho Cynthia Taub INTRODUCTION Echocardiography is an imaging modality that utilizes ultrasound to visualize cardiac structure and function. It is the most commonly used imaging technique in cardiology…
Nuclear Cardiology and Molecular Imaging
Nuclear Cardiology and Molecular Imaging Sean R. McMahon Josiah Bote William Lane Duvall INTRODUCTION Nuclear cardiology plays a fundamental role in the noninvasive diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease, which…
Electrocardiographic Exercise Testing
Electrocardiographic Exercise Testing Zain Ul Abideen Asad Chittur A. Sivaram INTRODUCTION Diagnosis of myocardial ischemia remains an important clinical challenge in patients presenting with chest pain in the ambulatory clinic….
Chest Radiography
Chest Radiography Jonathan Alis Linda B. Haramati INTRODUCTION The chest radiograph is one of the most frequently performed imaging tests. Its wide availability, relative low cost, and minimal radiation exposure…
Principles of Imaging Techniques
Principles of Imaging Techniques Mario J. Garcia Kana Fujikura INTRODUCTION The American Heart Association estimates that approximately 17.6 million deaths were attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States,…
Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Amyloid Cardiomyopathy Courtney M. Campbell Rami Kahwash Ajay Vallakati INTRODUCTION Amyloid cardiomyopathy is increasingly recognized as an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure. Amyloidosis occurs when proteins misfold, form amyloid fibrils,…
Environmental Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease
Environmental Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease Ahmed Ibrahim Richard A. Lange INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are largely preventable but may have increased globally because of a mismatch between slowly adapting human…
Dysautonomia
Dysautonomia Salvatore Savona Ralph Augostini INTRODUCTION The autonomic nervous system is essential for maintaining homeostasis and impacts nearly all organ systems. Dysautonomia can present in a myriad of diseases and…
Cardiac Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Cardiac Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Timir K. Paul Sukhdeep Bhogal INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the mid-1990s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed into…
