Infective Endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis Paul C. Cremer I. INTRODUCTION A. Epidemiology. The overall incidence of infective endocarditis is 3 to 10 per 100,000 patient-years, and in the United States, approximately 15,000 new…
Pulmonary Regurgitation and Stenosis
Pulmonary Regurgitation and Stenosis Serge C. Harb Deborah H. Kwon I. INTRODUCTION. The pulmonary valve is a trileaflet valve that lies anterior and to the left of the aortic valve…
Tricuspid Valve Disease
Tricuspid Valve Disease Balaji Tamarappoo I. INTRODUCTION. The tricuspid valve (TV) is a saddle-shaped right-sided heart valve that separates the right atrium (RA) and the right ventricle (RV). The RV…
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation Serge C. Harb Brian P. Griffin I. INTRODUCTION A. Mitral valve anatomy (Fig. 5.1). The mitral valve (MV) consists of two leaflets—the anterior and posterior leaflets. 1. The…
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis L. Leonardo Rodriguez I. INTRODUCTION. Rheumatic disease remains the predominant cause of mitral stenosis (MS). However, this etiology is declining in the United States, and other causes of…
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Gian M. Novaro Craig R. Asher I. INTRODUCTION Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is the most commonly encountered defect among adult congenital heart diseases. Complications are…
Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic Regurgitation Roger Byrne Dermot Phelan I. INTRODUCTION. Aortic regurgitation (AR), despite being one of the more common forms of valvular heart disease, remains clinically challenging with regard to accurate…
Aortic Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis Divya Gumber Eoin Donellan Patrick Collier I. INTRODUCTION Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common treatable cardiovascular problem whose prevalence is on the increase because of our aging population….
Pulmonary and critical care pearls
Respiratory mechanics and sounds: ( Fig. 28.1 ) • Inspiration: • Active process in which diaphragmatic contraction generates negative intrathoracic pressure, sucking air into the conducting airways • Exhalation: •…
Advanced care planning and the family meeting
Common misconceptions and mistakes • Parsing out critical care into its individual interventions, asking surrogates what they think their loved one would want (eg, triple-lumen catheter [TLC] placement, nasogastric [NG]…
