Surgical Approaches to the Heart and Great Vessels PRIMARY MEDIAN STERNOTOMY Median sternotomy remains the most widely used incision in cardiac surgery because it provides excellent exposure for most surgeries…
Preparation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass EXPOSURE OF THE HEART Technique The remnant of the thymus gland is dissected free from the pericardium. The thymic vessels are all electrocoagulated to prevent the…
Venting and Deairing of the Heart Venting of the left side of the heart is an effective technique for cardiac decompression and air removal. It is particularly useful when a…
Myocardial Preservation Myocardial protection has clearly made open-heart surgery a safe and reproducible technique. There continues to be many modifications of the chemical composition of the cardioplegic solution, the optimal…
Rapid-Fire Review Richard C. Brunken Manuel D. Cerqueira Wael A. Jaber QUESTIONS 1. Figure 9.1 shows regadenoson stress (top row) and rest (middle row) 13NH3 perfusion and 18FDG glucose metabolic…
Appropriate Use in Nuclear Cardiology and Multimodality Imaging Wael A. Jaber QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following abnormality on the electrocardiogram (ECG) makes the ECG uninterpretable for the purpose of…
Imaging Systemic Diseases Brett W. Sperry Wael A. Jaber QUESTIONS 1. A 69-year-old male presents with dyspnea on exertion. His medical history is notable for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and…
Cardiovascular Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Richard C. Brunken QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements best characterizes rubidium-82, a radiotracer frequently used for cardiac PET imaging? A. The tracer is…
Image Interpretation Manuel D. Cerqueira QUESTIONS 1. A 62-year-old male presents with increasing shortness of breath and lower extremity edema. A projection image in the left anterior oblique position from…
Imaging Protocols Manuel D. Cerqueira QUESTIONS 1. In the simultaneous acquisition dual-isotope protocol, when are the resting thallium-201 images acquired relative to the stress technetium-99m? A. Before B. At the…
