Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis Daniel R. Crouch Tonya D. Russell General Principles Definition Hemoptysis refers to the expectoration of blood originating from the lower airway or lung. Massive hemoptysis is defined as the…
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis Robert Guzy Daniel B. Rosenbluth General Principles Definition Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR),…
Viral Pulmonary Infections
Viral Pulmonary Infections Brian C. Keller Steven L. Brody General Principles Viral respiratory infections account for nearly 50% of all acute respiratory illnesses. Most infections are self-limited. Approximately 200 antigenically…
Fungal Pulmonary Infections
Fungal Pulmonary Infections Catherine Chen Introduction Infections of the lung with both opportunistic and endemic fungi are increasingly common and are a result of the increasing population of immunocompromised hosts,…
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Jonathan Baghdadi Carlos C. Daughaday General Principles Classification Active infection can occur with initial exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) or following reactivation of latent disease. Latent infection occurs when…
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Cristina Vazquez Guillamet Marin H. Kollef General Principles Definition Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is pneumonia occurring >48 hours after admission to the hospital.1 Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia occurring…
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Community-Acquired Pneumonia Jake M. Chanin Carlos A. Q. Santos General Principles Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. CAP ranks highly among…
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation Sundeep Viswanathan Amy McQueen General Principles Epidemiology Cigarette smoking causes over 400,000 deaths annually in the United States. In 2012, 18.1% of adults smoked cigarettes.1 Rates of smoking…
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease John Dickinson Roger D. Yusen General Principles Definition Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, treatable, and usually progressive condition characterized by persistent airflow…
