INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Nearly 10% of the population older than 65 years has atherosclerotic lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. Older patients and those with risk factors may have up…
IN THE BEGINNING Print Section Listen In 1929, a 25-year-old intern named Werner Forssman was dissatisfied with the available methods of evaluating cardiac function at his hospital in Berlin. His…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The medical therapy of intermittent claudication is founded on two fundamental precepts (Table 34-1). The most compelling of these is that peripheral arterial disease is evidence…
FUNCTIONAL MECHANICS OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL VASCULAR FLOW Print Section Listen Describing pulsatile fluid systems mathematically is very complex. Hemodynamics can be defined as the physical factors that influence blood…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen All aspects of the management of intracranial arterial disease have undergone major transformations in the past two decades. Alternatives are now available for conditions previously treatable…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has become a standard imaging technique in high volume, experienced interventional laboratories, but most of its use is relegated to the coronary arteries….
HISTORY TAKING Print Section Listen Importance of History Taking A thorough history is essential in all fields of medicine. It has often been said that a majority of all diagnosis…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Basic Principles and Physics Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical use relies on two fundamental principles: the excess of hydrogen molecules in water contained in the…
ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE OF THE CAROTID ARTERIES Print Section Listen Introduction Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the third leading cause of death in the United States, surpassed only by heart disease and…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of systemic inflammatory disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels.1 Vascular inflammation may cause vessel narrowing or occlusion leading to…
