Radial Approach to Coronary Angiography
HISTORY Print Section Listen The first known attempt at radial artery access for angiography was made in March 1947 by Dr. Stig Radner in Lund, Sweden. He reported on his…
Coronary Balloon Angioplasty
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was first described by Andreas Gruentzig in 1976, when he reported the successful application of the new technique in canine coronary…
Renal Complications of Contrast Media
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Print Section Listen Radiocontrast was first described to cause nephrotoxicity in the 1960s.1,2 Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), now termed contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), is likely to increase in…
Adjunctive Diagnostic Techniques: Fractional Flow Reserve
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Although coronary angiography remains the reference standard for diagnosing critical epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD), it has a number of limitations. Identifying functionally significant intermediate coronary…
Emerging Clinical Applications of Physiologic and Intravascular Imaging Tools
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Adjunctive physiologic and intravascular imaging modalities as described in Chapters 24 and 25 enable operators to 1) direct ischemia-guided revascularization; 2) diagnose microvascular disease, coronary vasospasm,…
Antithrombin Therapies
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Acute coronary artery occlusion is a dynamic process that involves three essential processes: compromise of vascular integrity, platelet activation and aggregation, and acceleration of the coagulation…
Antiplatelet Therapies in Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In 1979, Andreas Gruentzig reported his experience with the first 50 coronary angioplasty procedures. In those first 50 patients, antiplatelet therapy was empiric and consisted of…
Radiographic Contrast Media
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Despite the prolific increase in new technology in interventional cardiology, x-ray imaging combined with radiographic contrast media continues to be the mainstay in imaging technology. Visualization…
Contemporary Patient Sedation and Anesthesia in the Cardiovascular Catheterization Laboratory
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Sedation for patients undergoing procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) can be managed by the primary physician with nursing staff or by a dedicated anesthesiology…
Thrombolytic Therapy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The recognition of the proximate role of coronary thrombosis secondary to plaque rupture or erosion as the underlining cause of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI)…
