Extracranial Carotid Disease
ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE OF THE CAROTID ARTERIES Print Section Listen Introduction Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the third leading cause of death in the United States, surpassed only by heart disease and…
Medical Therapy of Intermittent Claudication
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The medical therapy of intermittent claudication is founded on two fundamental precepts (Table 34-1). The most compelling of these is that peripheral arterial disease is evidence…
Vasculitis
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of systemic inflammatory disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels.1 Vascular inflammation may cause vessel narrowing or occlusion leading to…
Vertebrobasilar Disease
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Vertebrobasilar arterial disease has a heterogeneous, clinical presentation that depends on the underlying pathophysiology of the lesion. Regardless of etiology, however, vertebrobasilar arterial strokes can be…
History and Physical Examination
HISTORY TAKING Print Section Listen Importance of History Taking A thorough history is essential in all fields of medicine. It has often been said that a majority of all diagnosis…
CT Angiography
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Imaging modalities for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) cover the gamut from to noninvasive approaches to invasive digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which historically has been the reference…
Infections of the Peripheral Arterial System
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Peripheral vascular disease can result in a number of serious infections complicating ischemia. However, infections as primary causes of peripheral vascular disease, although uncommon, are also…
Connective Tissue Disorders in Peripheral Arterial Disease
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The blood vessel is a complex organ with many mechanical and regulatory functions. Abnormalities in the structural characteristics of the extracellular matrix as well as the…
Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities affects nearly 8 to 12 million adults in the United States.1 The age-adjusted prevalence of PAD is approximately…
Overlap of Atherosclerotic Disease
CORONARY ARTERY AND SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL DISEASE Print Section Listen According to the most recent data, currently there are approximately 71 million people in the United States with some form of…
