Introduction Print Section Listen Pediatric and young adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) represent a population with unique medical issues, who pose a challenge to the primary care physician…
Introduction Print Section Listen Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common major birth defect, and yet its etiology remains poorly understood. It is generally accepted that both genetic and…
Normal Cardiac Anatomy Print Section Listen The normal heart is composed of two ventricles that circulate blood through the pulmonary and systemic capillary beds in series, providing a means of…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Chest wall tumors constitute 5 percent of thoracic tumors and less than 1 percent of all primary tumors; between 40 and 60 percent are…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Pectus excavatum occurs in about 1:400 live births, with a male predominance of up to 5:1. No genetic abnormalities or chromosomal aberrations have been…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Bochdalek hernias are usually diagnosed in neonates whereas Morgagni hernias tend to be found in adults. Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernias occur in approximately 1:2000 children….
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology To date, more than 30,000 lung and 2600 heart–lung transplantations have been reported to the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplant Registry. Since…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the fastest growing solid malignancy in the United States. Pathophysiology Barrett metaplasia is the precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clinical feature…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Pleural tumors are a small but significant subset of thoracic malignancies. The majority of pleural tumors tend to be malignant and mesothelioma is the…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Iatrogenic instrumentation (e.g., endoscopy, dilatation, tube passage, etc.) has replaced spontaneous rupture as the leading cause of esophageal perforation and accounts for 60 to…
