Typical Atrial Flutter
Abstract The term typical atrial flutter (AFL) is reserved for a macroreentrant circuit with the activation wavefront rotating clockwise or counterclockwise around the tricuspid annulus and using the cavotricuspid isthmus…
Wide Complex Tachycardias
Abstract Wide complex tachycardia (WCT) is a rhythm with a rate of more than 100 beats/min and a QRS duration of more than 120 milliseconds. Several arrhythmias can manifest as…
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias
Abstract A “supraventricular” origin of a tachycardia implies the obligatory involvement of one or more cardiac structures above the bifurcation of the His bundle (HB), including atrial myocardium, atrioventricular node…
Macroreentrant Atrial Tachycardia
Abstract Organized atrial tachycardias (ATs) are broadly categorized as either focal (centrifugal activation originating from a discrete site that incorporates automaticity, triggered activity, and microreentrant mechanisms) or macroreentrant (a relatively…
Atypical Bypass Tracts
Abstract A working definition of an atypical bypass tract (BT) is a conduction pathway that bypasses all or part of the normal conduction system but is not a rapidly conducting…
Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia
Abstract Sinus tachycardia is a physiological response to sympathetic activation and/or parasympathetic withdrawal. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a nonparoxysmal tachyarrhythmia characterized by a persistent increase in resting sinus rate…
Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Abstract Cardiac arrhythmias are a common problem in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly after they have undergone reparative or palliative surgical procedures. Atrial tachyarrhythmias are the most prevalent,…
Intraventricular Conduction Abnormalities
Abstract Normally, the entire mass of ventricular myocardium is depolarized in about 80 to 100 milliseconds. The term intraventricular conduction disturbances (IVCDs) refers to abnormalities in the intraventricular propagation of…
Advanced Mapping and Navigation Modalities
Abstract While conventional mapping techniques, guided by fluoroscopy, have been very successful in guiding mapping and ablation of stable arrhythmias with predictable anatomical locations or characteristics identifying endocardial electrograms, those…
Conventional Intracardiac Mapping Techniques
Abstract Cardiac mapping refers to the process of identifying the temporal and spatial distributions of myocardial electrical potentials during a particular heart rhythm. Mapping aims at elucidation of the mechanism…
