Definition Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined as left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in the absence of abnormal loading conditions (valve disease, hypertension, congenital heart defects) sufficient to explain the degree of…
Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disease that affects various systems such as the skin, brain, cardiovascular system, and many mucosal membranes, that is, the pericardium, the pleura and the…
Definitions Noncompacted myocardium (NCM) is a cardiac abnormality involving the myocardial wall, characterized by numerous, excessively prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses penetrating into the midmyocardium ( Fig. 64.1 )….
Acknowledgments This work has been supported by TRANSAC, University of Padua Strategic Project CPDA133979/13, Padua, Italy; Registry for Cardio-cerebro-vascular Pathology, Veneto Region, Venice, Italy; Target Project, Regional Health System, Venice,…
The cardiomyopathies represent an important group of heart muscle disorders that are all associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most prevalent of these conditions is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which…
Definition/Morphology Tomisaku Kawasaki first reported Kawasaki disease (KD) in 1967. At first, KD was thought to be an acute and self-limiting febrile disorder; however, the first nationwide survey in Japan…
Definitions The term heterotaxy comes from the Greek heteros, meaning “other” and taxis, meaning “arrangement.” The nomenclature and definition of heterotaxy have been a matter of debate for years and…
In hearts with a univentricular atrioventricular connection both atria are connected to a single ventricle; this includes hearts with either atrioventricular valve (AVV) atresia or a double-inlet atrioventricular connection. Either…
Definition and Morphology The term transposition of the great arteries (TGA) describes the anatomic arrangement in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary artery from…
General Overview Pulmonary atresia (PA), or absence of a communication between the right ventricle (RV) and the main pulmonary artery (MPA), exists in two forms based on the presence or…
