Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the esophagus and stomach is essential before performing surgical fundoplication or other operations of the foregut. ♦ Figures…
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the esophagus is critical before undertaking surgical procedures on the esophagus ( Fig. 35-1A-C ). Figure 35-1 (Adapted…
Zenker’s Diverticulum Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The upper esophageal sphincter consists of the cricopharyngeal muscle, which courses transversely along the posterior portion of the esophagus. The esophagus borders superiorly…
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ A comprehensive understanding of foregut anatomy and physiology is critical to undertaking surgical procedures on the esophagus for benign disease. ♦ Figure 31-1 demonstrates the…
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ Key anatomic structures that must be considered in antireflux surgery include the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), esophageal hiatus, phrenic nerve, and vagus…
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects more than 10 million Americans. Most are maintained on oral antacid medications such as histamine type 2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). A subset,…
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the esophagus before undertaking surgical procedures on the esophagus is critical. ♦ Figure 30-1 illustrates the anatomic layers…
♦ Esophagectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, not only because it involves the manipulation of both abdominal and thoracic-mediastinal structures but also because the patients are often…
History Transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) has been gaining popularity for the past two and a half decades. In 1978 Orringer and Sloan renewed interest in this procedure, presenting it as an…
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The thoracic esophagus courses through the posterior aspect of the middle mediastinum. In most patients the esophagus lies in the midline; however, slight deviation to…
