Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, other forms of atrioventricular discordant connection, and anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, other forms of atrioventricular discordant connection, and anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries
Section I: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries Definition Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a congenital cardiac anomaly in which the morphologic right atrium connects to…
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Congenital aortic stenosis

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Congenital aortic stenosis
Congenital aortic stenosis is a spectrum of cardiac anomalies of the left ventricular outflow tract in which there is narrowing at the valvar, subvalvar, supravalvar, or multiple levels resulting in…
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Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis
Section I: Tetralogy of fallot with pulmonary stenosis Definition Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital cardiac malformation characterized by underdevelopment of the right ventricular (RV) infundibulum, with anterior and…
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Double outlet right ventricle

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Double outlet right ventricle
Definition Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a congenital cardiac malformation in which both great arteries arise entirely or predominantly from the morphologic right ventricle. DORV describes a type of…
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Truncus arteriosus

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Truncus arteriosus
Definition Truncus arteriosus (common arterial trunk, persistent truncus arteriosus, truncus arteriosus communis, common aorticopulmonary trunk) is a congenital cardiovascular malformation in which one great artery arising from the base of…
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Definitions, nomenclature, and classification The definition of the widely used term “Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)” has been controversial. Over the years, other terms have also been used, such as…
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Ebstein anomaly

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Ebstein anomaly
Definition Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a congenital cardiac malformation of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle (RV) that is characterized by incomplete delamination of the septal and inferior (posterior) tricuspid…
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Ventricular septal defect

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Ventricular septal defect
Section I: Primary ventricular septal defect Definition Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole or multiple holes in the interventricular septum. This chapter discusses VSDs that occur as the primary…
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Atrioventricular septal defect

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Atrioventricular septal defect
Definition The defining feature of hearts with an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is the presence of a common atrioventricular junction that is guarded by a common atrioventricular valve with associated…
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