Systems of Health Care
A system is an interconnected set of elements organized to achieve a function or purpose. A system of care is an interconnected care delivery system, usually in a geographically contiguous…
Pharmacogenetics
Interindividual variability of drug response has been well documented. In addition to drug-drug and drug-environment interactions, genetic factors have emerged as contributors to variability in response to several cardiovascular medications….
Device Development for Cardiovascular Therapeutics: Concepts and Regulatory Implications
Overview Over the past 50 years, new medical devices and related innovations have contributed greatly to the decrease in deaths from cardiovascular causes. Indeed, cardiovascular device development has advanced dramatically…
New Drug Development
Cardiovascular medicine has been in the vanguard of new therapeutic development since 1955, when President Dwight Eisenhower’s myocardial infarction (MI) in office captured worldwide attention. Many forces contribute to this…
Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis
Introduction The development of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation has revolutionized the practice of cardiology over the course of the past decades. However, despite considerable technological advancements, in-stent…
Patent Foramen Ovale, Atrial Septal Defect, Left Atrial Appendage, and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
Patent Foramen Ovale Introduction A potential causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and stroke was first described by Cohnheim in 1877. In the last two decades several studies have…
Interventions for Advanced Heart Failure
Dr. Kapur has received preclinical research support from Heartware Inc. and CardiacAssist Inc. and has worked as a speaker and consultant for Maquet and Thoratec Inc. Introduction Heart disease remains…
Congenital Heart Disease
Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) has an incidence of approximately 0.8% or approximately 8 out of every 1000 live births. These defects are derangements secondary to altered embryonic cardiovascular anatomy…
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Intervention
Section I: Mitral Stenosis Introduction Normal Mitral Valve Anatomy To appreciate the complexity of the mitral valve is to understand its intricate anatomical and physiologic properties. The mitral valve can…
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Introduction and Epidemiology Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex cardiac disorder that has been the subject of intense scrutiny and scientific investigation for the past half century. HCM is a…
