Hypoplasia of the Right Ventricle
The right ventricle can be hypoplastic in various settings. It can be small in the presence of deficient ventricular or atrioventricular septation, producing so-called left ventricular dominance. The chamber can…
Interventional Techniques
Interventional cardiac catheterisation describes procedures where cardiac catheters are used to modify, palliate, or treat congenital or acquired cardiac disease. Evolution of interventional techniques has been a natural progression from…
Imaging and Functional Assessment by Novel Echocardiographic Techniques
Echocardiography has undergone major progress in recent years. While standard cross sectional echocardiography is still the most often used routine method for screening the anatomy of congenitally malformed hearts, and…
Division of Atrial Chambers
Division, or partitioning, of one of the atrial chambers is a rare malformation. Severe symptoms, or even death, may ensue if it is untreated. When recognised, and treated surgically, life…
The Principles of Management, and Outcomes for, Patients with Functionally Univentricular Hearts
In 1699, Chemineau 1 described a human fetus having an allegedly univentricular heart. Since then, the patients characterised as possessing functionally univentricular hearts have held a unique position among all…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
Echocardiography remains the most widely used diagnostic imaging modality in the assessment of patients with congenitally malformed hearts, owing to its portability and excellent temporal resolution, and the contrast provided…
Electrophysiology, Pacing, and Devices
Electrophysiology is a rapidly growing and evolving discipline within both paediatric and adult cardiology. Although there is overlap in the knowledge base of the paediatric and adult electrophysiologist, there are…
Transplantation of the Heart, and Heart and Lungs
The first transplantation of a human heart was performed in South Africa in 1966. 1 By the end of the 1970s, transplantation was established as an effective therapy for end-stage…
Description and Analysis of Data, and Critical Appraisal of the Literature
The current standard of practise when faced with a clinical dilemma is to make decisions based on the use of evidence. This is broadly defined as decision-making that incorporates the…
