Abstract Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation, causing up to 10% of infant deaths and 50% of deaths due to a congenital malformation, while extracardiac congenital…
Abstract Advances in cardiac surgery over the last three decades have translated to a shift in the epidemiology of congenital heart disease mortality from childhood to adulthood. As a result,…
Abstract Mortality from surgery to correct congenital heart disease has improved, but high incidences of neurologic injuries and neurodevelopmental abnormalities persist. Neonates with critical heart disease have the highest risk…
Abstract A thorough understanding of the basics of respiratory physiology is essential for any clinician caring for patients in the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU). Distribution of ventilation, pulmonary blood…
Abstract This chapter discusses the roles of anesthesia and sedation for infants and children with pediatric heart disease. The goal is for providers that are caring for these patients to…
Abstract Acute kidney injury is one of the most common comorbidities among patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. Patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery or with congestive…
Abstract The splanchnic circulation receives over 25% of the cardiac output and contains a similar percentage of the total blood volume under normal conditions. Thus the splanchnic circulation can act…
Abstract The endocrine system plays an important role in generation of the stress response that occurs after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients. Surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass has been associated with…
Abstract The cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) is an analytic environment, one in which insight about a patient’s condition and evolving trajectory is gleaned from data and information from monitoring…
Abstract The care of pediatric patients with cardiac disease has improved significantly in the last several decades. However, preventable patient harm, adverse events, and serious safety lapses occur with alarming…
