Abstract Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are instruments that evaluate daily functioning and health outcomes from the patient’s perspective. If developed using standardized procedures (FDA Guidance, 2009), they can be used as…
Abstract Pediatric pulmonologists are frequently consulted on the child with “too many” respiratory infections. Considering the volume of air, particulates, chemicals, and potential airborne pathogens inspired with each breath, the…
Abstract The nature and development airway inflammation may be driven by numerous factors, including pathogenic infections, pollution, or even relatively innocuous inhaled particles, such as allergens. A robust inflammatory response…
Abstract Bronchoscopy is a powerful (and often underutilized) tool for the diagnosis and management of airway and pulmonary problems in infants and children. Both rigid and flexible instruments are available…
Abstract Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children outlines the congenital abnormalities and diseases that affect the respiratory health of children. A thorough understanding of the structure, function, and development…
Abstract Pulmonary surfactant is a complex substance with multiple functions in the microenvironments of the alveoli and small airways. The traditional functions of surfactant are biophysical activities to keep the…
Abstract Progress towards meeting the eight United Nations Millennium Development Goals has been accompanied by a substantial change in the global pattern of disease, with a significant shift towards chronic…
Abstract Childhood disease results from the interplay of genetic, environmental, and developmental factors. The rapid development of DNA technologies has unmasked the genetic diversity of individuals, almost all of which…
Abstract The history and physical examination in pediatric respiratory medicine remain our most important tools in the evaluation of children presenting with respiratory problems. They guide our differential diagnosis, clinical…
Abstract During the 8-month period of gestation, the fetal lung is formed from a primordial mass of cells, arising as a small bud of foregut endoderm, which becomes an elaborately…
