KEY WORDS ▪ Pulmonary agenesis ▪ Pulmonary hypoplasia ▪ Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformation ▪ Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) ▪ Pulmonary sequestration ▪ Bronchogenic cyst ▪ Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE)…
INTRODUCTION Patients who develop pulmonary lesions requiring resection often have underlying parenchymal lung abnormalities. Pulmonary function tests may reveal clinically significant obstruction or gas diffusion abnormalities, which require careful consideration;…
DEFINITION Therapeutic bronchoscopy consists of airway interventions performed to restore or maintain airway patency, either for palliation or cure of malignant and benign lesions of the upper and lower airways….
INTRODUCTION Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an alternative technique to surgical resection of lung tumors, either primary or secondary, through delivery of high-frequency alternating current using electrodes precisely placed at the…
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Tracheal stenosis ▪ Tracheal stricture DEFINITION ▪ Tracheal stenosis is a benign stricture of the trachea. ETIOLOGY ▪ Idiopathic ○ Primarily in women ○ Short stenosis in proximal…
DEFINITIONS ▪ Chest wall invasion: In the context of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), chest wall invasion refers to invasion of the parietal pleura with or without invasion beyond the…
INDICATIONS FOR RADIATION THERAPY IN LUNG CANCER Historical ▪ External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) has been used for several decades for definitive and palliative treatment of non-small cell lung cancer…
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, nearly 1 million people die annually from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Traditionally, complete surgical resection has been considered the only treatment with a curative potential in the…
TERMINOLOGY Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF): Acquired communication between trachea and esophagus classified by etiology, site of fistula, and timing of onset PATHOGENESIS Iatrogenic ▪ Following esophageal resection ○ Anastomotic leakage…
DEFINITIONS ▪ According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extrapulmonary effects… Its…
