Introduction Respiratory failure exists when the respiratory system cannot maintain gas exchange, causing dysfunction in other organs or threatening life. Such impairment primarily affects oxygenation, manifested by hypoxemia, or affects…
Thoracic Trauma Introduction Among trauma victims, thoracic trauma is the second most common cause of death in the field and the third most common cause of death in patients who…
Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem genetic disease that affects children and young adults. CF is the most common monogenetic disease in Caucasian populations. The disease is caused by…
Introduction Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by abnormal alveolar surfactant accumulation and hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency. It arises in a heterogeneous group of mechanistically distinct diseases usefully…
Introduction The lung may be involved in all connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The involvement is often subclinical, but its true extent may be masked by exercise limitation due to musculoskeletal…
Introduction Gas exchange between the atmosphere and the human body depends not only on the lungs but also in large part on the function of the “ventilatory pump,” which consists…
Introduction Problems with breathing are the root cause of the most common and serious of the sleep disorders. Such breathing problems are associated with a wide range of poor health…
Introduction Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In the United States, lung cancer accounted for more than 250,000 cases of cancer and greater than 150,000…
Introduction Common endocrine disorders may affect the respiratory system in a variety of ways, from an increased risk of specific infections in patients with diabetes to upper airway compression in…
I Primary and Qualifying Symbols General P Pressure (Includes also partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases or in blood.) L Lung W Chest wall RS Respiratory…
