Multiple-Choice Examination
1. If a patient’s total lung capacity is 5.0 L with a tidal volume of 0.5 L, an inspiratory reserve volume of 3.0 L, and an expiratory reserve volume of…
Abbreviations, Gas Laws
Abbreviations 1.1 Pressures P b , barometric (ambient) pressure P h 2 o , water vapor pressure 1.2 Respiratory Gases P a , partial pressure of a gas in alveolar…
Answers to Self-Study Problems
Chapter 1 1. The alveolar–capillary unit has a large surface area for gas exchange. In addition, there is a short distance between the alveolus and the red blood cell, and…
Alveolar Ventilation
Objectives 1. Understand the composition of gases from ambient air to the alveoli. 2. Describe the alveolar air equation and its use. 3. Define the alveolar carbon dioxide equation and…
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
Objectives 1. Explain diffusion limitation and perfusion limitation and their importance in gas exchange 2. Apply Fick’s law to the alveolar–capillary surface. 3. Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon…
Ventilation ( V˙V˙ V ˙ ), Perfusion ( Q˙Q˙ Q ˙ ), and Their Relationships
Objectives 1. Describe the significance of a normal ventilation/perfusion ratio ( <SPAN role=presentation tabIndex=0 id=MathJax-Element-5-Frame class=MathJax style="POSITION: relative" data-mathml='V˙/Q˙’>V˙/Q˙˙V/˙Q V˙/Q˙ ˙V/˙Q V ˙ / Q ˙ ). 2. Characterize the…
The Pulmonary Circulation
Objectives 1. Describe the anatomy, function, physiology, and regulation of the two circulations in the lung. 2. Describe the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. 3. Explain pulmonary vascular resistance in…
Tests of Lung Function
Objectives 1. Describe lung volumes and their measurement using three methods. 2. Discuss the uses of spirometry in clinical practice. 3. Define the effort-dependent and effort-independent portions of the flow…
Mechanical Properties of the Lung and Chest Wall
Objectives 1. Describe static lung mechanics and the measurement of lung volumes. 2. Define lung compliance and its measurement. 3. Relate lung and chest wall compliance to lung volumes. 4….
Dynamic Lung Mechanics
Objectives 1. Describe how a pressure gradient is created. 2. Define airway resistance and its measurement. 3. Discuss three factors that contribute to or regulate airway resistance in health and…
