Intracardiac Echocardiography Introduction Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) provides an invaluable tool during invasive electrophysiologic procedures by providing an important link between anatomy and electrophysiology, particularly when integrated with an electro-anatomic map….
Transeptal Catheterization Introduction Transeptal catheterization was originally developed to access the left atrium directly for left-sided hemodynamic measurements.1,2,3,4,5 It has become a mainstay technique of electrophysiologist to provide access for…
Bradycardias Introduction The electrophysiologic (EP) study provides a means to assess sino-atrial node (SAN) function and the integrity of the atrio-ventricular node (AVN)-His-Purkinje axis. The purpose of this chapter is…
Mechanisms of Tachycardia Introduction The three mechanisms responsible for tachycardia are 1) reentry, 2) enhanced automaticity, and 3) triggered activity. Electrocardiographic presentations of tachycardia are mechanism specific including its initiation,…
Key Words: vascular trauma , austere setting , resources , logistics , military , nongovernmental , team Introduction Vascular surgery is normally conducted in a highly technical environment with…
Key Words:vascular trauma , vascular surgery , endovascular , hemorrhage control , shunt Epidemiologic Considerations Vascular trauma in Israel includes the usual myriad of causes for vascular trauma as…
Key Words: cardiac injury , cardiac tamponade , great vessel injury , endovascular stent graft , lung injury , pulmonary tractotomy Introduction Penetrating injuries to the heart and great…
Key Words: lower extremity trauma , mangled extremity , tourniquet , vascular shunt , venous injury , arterial injury , amputation Introduction Vascular injury to the lower extremity is…
Key Words:battlefield , extremity injury , vascular injury , amputation , trauma , combat , tactical medicine , military trauma , arterial repair , ligation Introduction Russian surgeons have…
Key Words: junctional zone injuries , upper extremity vascular injuries , subclavian artery , axillary artery , brachial artery , radial artery , ulnar artery , upper extremity venous injury…
