Key Points 1. Because of successes in treating congenital cardiac lesions, there are currently as many as or more adults than children with congenital heart disease (CHD). 2. Noncardiac anesthesiologists…
Key Points 1. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement is frequently performed, with a substantial number of patients requiring subsequent noncardiac surgery (NCS). 2. Three types of stents are…
Key Points 1. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare disease with a high degree of morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. 2. PH, although having several classification schemes,…
Key Points 1. Cardiac transplant is the definitive treatment of advanced heart failure and has demonstrated improving outcomes and long-term survival. 2. The transplanted heart receives no neural modulatory signal…
Key Points 1. Regardless of the level of complexity or invasiveness of the planned procedure, the perioperative considerations and the anesthetic approach to left ventricular assist device (LVAD)–supported patients are…
Key Points 1. Preoperative assessment of the cardiac patient undergoing noncardiac surgery includes risk assessment for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). 2. Categorizing risk for MACEs is dependent on patient…
Key Points 1. Perioperative triage should determine whether cardiac patients receive outpatient surgery, routine inpatient care, or critical care services. 2. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring may be required in high-risk patients…
Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator Sojin Y. Wass Mina K. Chung KEY POINTS Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) can detect and defibrillate ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, but are unable to protect against…
Emerging ECG Recording Technologies Stavros Stavrakis KEY POINTS A variety of handheld electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are available, all of which produce diagnostic quality lead I single-lead ECGs. Most of these…
Current and Future Needs of Ambulatory ECG Takanori Ikeda KEY POINTS In the last 10 years, remarkable progress has been seen in the ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG). When used for 24…
