Cardiologic Aspects of Systemic Disease
Cardiac involvement in systemic disease can broadly be divided into those conditions where the heart is involved in the disease process itself and those where a structural or functional cardiac…
Double-Outlet Ventricle
Introduction Double-outlet ventricle is no more than an abnormal ventriculoarterial connection. Therefore the feature may occur with each atrial arrangement, any atrioventricular connection, and all possible variations of ventricular morphology….
Abnormal Positions and Relationships of the Heart
Introduction An abnormally positioned heart is not in itself a malformation of major significance. Such abnormal positioning, for example, can be secondary to a deformity or defect of the chest…
Congenital Anomalies of the Aortic Valve and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
Introduction It is well recognized that obstruction within outflow tract of the morphologically left ventricle may be above the arterial valve, at the level of the valve itself, or in…
Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Introduction Coarctation derives from the Latin term coartatio , which translated literally means “a drawing together.” Aortic coarctation, therefore, indicates a narrowing at some point along the course of the…
Diseases of the Mitral Valve
The scope of this chapter is restricted to congenital lesions of the mitral valve. Anomalies of the mitral valve may also be caused by (or associated with) other congenital heart…
Arteriovenous Communications
There has been dramatic progress in the field of vascular anomalies in recent years, including improved understanding of the classification of these lesions, their natural history, and optimal management strategies….
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Introduction Rheumatic fever (RF) is an acute, diffuse, and nonsuppurative inflammatory disease that occurs as a delayed complication after an untreated or partially treated pharyngotonsillitis, the infection itself sometimes being…
Transposition
Introduction The congenital malformation characterized by origin of the arterial trunks from morphologically inappropriate ventricles has probably been the source of as much confusion and controversy as any other single…
Congenital Coronary Anomalies
This chapter discusses the range of congenital coronary anomalies that may be found in an otherwise structurally normal heart, first reviewing the anatomy and development of the coronary arteries before…
