Pulmonary Infection: Basic Concepts
Pulmonary Infection: Basic Concepts Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, respiratory tract infection continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death…
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias BRADYCARDIA AND AV BLOCK BRADYCARDIAS Sinus bradycardia (SB) (NEJM 2000;342:703) Etiologies: meds (incl βB, CCB, amio, Li, dig), → vagal tone (incl. in athletes, sleep, IMI), metabolic (hypoxia, sepsis,…
Vascular Disease
Vascular Disease HYPERTENSION Classification Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg) Normal <120 <80 Pre-HTN 120-139 80-89 Stage 1 HTN 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 HTN ≥160 ≥100 Average ≥2 measurements >1-2 min…
Myocardial, Valvular, and Pericardial Disease
Myocardial, Valvular, and Pericardial Disease HEART FAILURE Definitions (Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 10th ed., 2014) Failure of heart to pump blood forward at sufficient rate to meet metabolic demands of peripheral…
Coronary Disease
Coronary Disease ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Approach (a systematic approach is vital) Rate (? tachy or brady) Rhythm (? P waves, ? relationship between P and QRS, ? regular) Intervals (PR, QRS, QT)…
Thoracoscopy
Thoracoscopy Although thoracoscopy has been a part of thoracic surgical practice for many years, the advent of video-assisted techniques has greatly expanded the indications and the uses of this procedure….
Chest Tubes
Chest Tubes Chest tubes are frequently used in the practice of pulmonary medicine. Indeed, in 1995, it was estimated that 1,330,000 chest tubes were placed in the United States (1)….
Thoracentesis (Diagnostic and Therapeutic) and Pleural Biopsy
Thoracentesis (Diagnostic and Therapeutic) and Pleural Biopsy Thomsen et al. (1) have created an excellent video on performing a thoracentesis, and watching this video is recommended before one performs his…
Other Pleural Diseases
Other Pleural Diseases PATHOGENESIS OF PLEURAL FIBROSIS Most of the diseases discussed in this chapter deal with pleural fibrosis. It is therefore appropriate to start this chapter with a brief…
Chylothorax and Pseudochylothorax
Chylothorax and Pseudochylothorax At times, pleural fluid is milky or at least turbid. When the milkiness or turbidity persists after centrifugation, it is almost always due to a high lipid…
