Electrophysiologic Investigation: General Concepts The electrophysiologic study should consist of a systematic analysis of dysrhythmias by recording and measuring a variety of electrophysiologic events with the patient in the basal…
Sinus Node Function Disorders of sinus node function are an important cause of cardiac syncope. Approximately 50% of permanent pacemakers implanted at our own and other institutions are for the…
Electrophysiologic Investigation: Technical Aspects Personnel The most important aspects for the performance of safe and valuable electrophysiologic studies are the presence and participation of dedicated personnel. The minimum personnel requirements…
Adventitious Sounds: Wheezes PRETEST 1. Describe the mechanism that produces wheezing? 2. What conditions are associated with wheezes? 3. Describe the following types of wheezes: expiratory polyphonic, fixed monophonic, sequential…
Absent and Diminished Breath Sounds PRETEST 1. Which conditions are associated with diminished or absent breath sounds? 2. How does each of these conditions cause diminished or absent breath sounds?…
Adventitious Sounds: Crackles PRETEST 1. What causes crackles? 2. What is the difference between coarse and fine crackles? 3. Describe the characteristics of late inspiratory crackles. 4. Describe the characteristics…
The Respiratory System and Auscultation PRETEST 1. What is the primary function of the respiratory system? 2. Where are the apex and base of the lung located? 3. Describe the…
Classifying Adventitious Sounds PRETEST 1. Name the two types of adventitious sounds. 2. Describe the difference between fine and coarse crackles. 3. Describe the difference between wheezes and low-pitched wheezes….
Abnormal Voice Sounds PRETEST How are normal voice sounds produced? Name the three voice sounds. How do voice sounds change over areas of dense, airless lung tissue? Which specific words…
Systolic Murmurs PRETEST 1. How is the sound of a systolic murmur produced? 2. List the murmurs associated with right ventricular outflow obstruction. 3. List the murmurs associated with left…
