Surgical Considerations in Aortic Valve Surgery Cristiano N. Faber Nicholas G. Smedira Aortic valve disease is the number one indication for valve replacement. At the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, the number…
Pathophysiology of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure James B. Young Though many clinicians believe they can easily describe a patient with heart failure, in fact, the definition of the syndrome…
Assessment of Cardiac Transplantation Mihai V. Podgoreanu Joseph P. Mathew Although Barnard performed the first human cardiac transplant in 1967, it was only by the early 1980s that it gained…
Assessment of Cardiomyopathies Mark A. Chaney DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CARDIOMYOPATHIES Cardiomyopathies, once defined as “heart muscle diseases of unknown cause,” are now classified by their dominant pathophysiology or pathogenetic…
Assessment of Perioperative Hemodynamics Lee Wallace While M-mode and two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography can provide indirect evidence of hemodynamic abnormalities, 2-D echocardiography combined with Doppler echocardiography can be used to perform…
TEE in the Critical Care Setting Scott T. Reeves Kim J. Payne James Ramsay Jack Shanewise Stephen Insler TRAUMA AND CRITICAL CARE In 2003 a task force cosponsored by the…
Surgical Considerations in Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Surgery Erik A.K. Beyer Gonzalo Gonzalez-Stawinski A. Marc Gillinov PRIMARY MITRAL VALVE DISEASE The most common cause of mitral regurgitation in North America…
Assessment of the Mitral Valve in Ischemic Heart Disease1 Alexander N. Chapochnikov Solomon Aronson David Jayakar Mitral regurgitation (MR) that accompanies acute myocardial ischemia or infarction is associated with an…
Assessment of Prosthetic Valves Michelle Capdeville Michael G. Licina The first clinical artificial heart valve was introduced more than 45 years ago. Mechanical and biological prostheses developed in parallel. In…
Assessment in Higher Risk Myocardial Revascularization and Complications of Ischemic Heart Disease Robert M. Savage Gonzalo Gonzalez-Stawinski Jacek Cywinski David Vener Bruce W. Lytle HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES The first association between…
