Pulmonary Vascular Disease 13.1 Pulmonary Embolus Lancet 2004;363:1295; Circ 2003;108:2726,2834 Cause: Thrombi from deep veins of the legs, pelvis, or arms embolize to the pulmonary arteries, producing pulmonary arterial obstruction…
Hypertension 11.1 Systemic Hypertension in Adults Circ 2004;109:2953,3081; HT 2003;42:1206; Lancet 2003;362:1527; NIH Publications 03-5233, 98-4080 Cause: 15-18% of adults in the U.S. are hypertensive. Essential HT represents 90-94% of…
Myocarditis, Pericardial Disease, and Cardiac Tumors 10.1 Acute Pericarditis Nejm 2004;351;2195; Lancet 2004;363:717; Jama 2003;289:1150 Cause: Multiple; idiopathic most common in young adults, but causes include Infections: Coxsackie A or…
The Cardiomyopathies 9.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Nejm 1994;331:1564 Cause: Dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by dilatation and impaired contraction of LV or both ventricles; may be idiopathic, familial/genetic, viral, immune, alcoholic, or toxic…
Valvular Heart Disease 8.1 Aortic Valve Disease J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1486 Cause: AS: Congenital—unicuspid (severe stenosis in infancy), bicuspid (AS in adulthood; AI if infectious endocarditis develops), or tricuspid…
Arrhythmias 7.1 Supraventricular Arrhythmias Nejm 2004;338:1369; 2001;344:1067; J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42: 1493; Circ 2003;107:1096; 2002;106:649 Cause: Mechanisms include increased automaticity of ectopic atrial focus (APC), triggered activity associated with…
Congestive Heart Failure 6.1 Acute Pulmonary Edema Nejm 2003;348:20; Circ 2001;104:2996 Cause: Acute MI; mitral stenosis; rupture of chordae, papillary muscle, or intraventricular septum; myocarditis; LV diastolic dysfunction; hypoalbuminemia; infectious…
Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease 5.1 Atherosclerosis Nejm 2005;352:1685; Circ 2004;109:SuppIII; 2001;104:365 Cause: This fatty streak develops by early adulthood. It is caused by oxidation of lipids trapped in the extracellular…
Cardiac Testing 4.1 Exercise Stress Testing Circ 2002;106:1883; J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1531 Indications Pts with intermediate pretest probability of CAD with normal EKG, RBBB, <1 mm resting ST depression…
